Hydrogen peroxide staining exposed that the strain increased plant basal defense response by the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) in both roots and leaves. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that the strain systemically colonized the roots and lived within the intercellular space. The biocontrol efficacy in seed treatment was 60.31%, while in the soil drench method, it was 79.19%. Strain SZAD2 which was identified as Bacillus velezensis on the bases of 16S rRNA gene analysis had significantly high biocontrol potential both in plate assay and under greenhouse conditions. Numerous bacteria were isolated from cotton roots, and their antagonism was examined against V. In this regard, the present work was aimed to investigate antagonistic bacterial strains and to introduce them as new bioinoculants against V. Biocontrol is an environment-friendly and a green technique in plant protection. There is still the lack of high-resistant upland cotton cultivars against this pathogen, and the usage of fungicides is threatening the environment. Verticillium dahliae is one of the most destructive pathogens in many cotton-growing countries around the globe.
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